Engineering is the discipline and profession that applies
scientific theory to design, develop, and analyse technological solutions.
There are numerous engineering sub-disciplines and interdisciplinary subjects
that are derived from concentrations, combinations, or extensions of the major
engineering branches.
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering comprises the application of physical
and biological sciences to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals
into more useful or valuable forms.
Materials engineering
Involves the properties of matter and its applications to
engineering
Ceramic engineering, the
theory and processing of raw oxide material (e.g. alumina oxide), and advanced
material that are polymorphic, polycrystalline, oxide, and non-oxide ceramics
Crystal engineering, the
design and synthesis of molecular solid-state structures
Process engineering Focuses on the design, operation, control, and
optimization of chemical processes
Petroleum refinery engineering,
the design of processes related to the manufacture of refined products
Plastics engineering, the
design of the production process of plastics products
Paper engineering, the
design of the production process of paper products
Molecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of molecules.
Bio molecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of
biomolecules.
Civil engineering
Civil engineering comprises the design, construction, and
maintenance of the physical and natural built environments.
Geotechnical engineering
Concerned with the behaviour of geological materials at the
site of a civil engineering project
Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction
and processing of raw materials from the earth
Structural engineering the engineering of structures that support or resist structural
loads
Earthquake engineering, the
behaviour of structures subject to seismic loading
Wind engineering, the
analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment
Architectural engineering,
application of engineering principles to building design and construction
Ocean engineering, the
design of offshore structures
Transportation engineering
the use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people
and goods
Traffic engineering, a
branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary
for transportation
Highway engineering
Railway systems engineering
Environmental engineering the application of engineering to the
improvement and protection of the environment
Ecological engineering, the
design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems
Fire protection engineering,
the application of engineering to protect people and environments from fire and
smoke
Sanitary engineering, the
application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities
Hydraulic engineering, the
planning, development and maintenance of water resources and the application of
hydrology
Municipal engineering, civil
engineering applied to municipal issues such as water and waste management,
transportation networks, subdivisions, communications, hydrology, hydraulics,
etc.
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering comprises the study and application
of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.
Electronic engineering the design of circuits that use the electromagnetic properties
of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and
transistors to achieve a particular functionality.
Control engineering, focuses
on the modelling of dynamic systems and the design of controllers using
electrical circuits, digital signal processors and microcontrollers
Telecommunications engineering
Computer engineering the design and control of
computing devices with the application of electrical systems
Software engineering, The
application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the
development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these
approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.
Power engineering the generation, transmission
and distribution of electricity, and the design of devices such as
transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high voltage engineering
and power electronics.
Optical engineering the design of instruments
and systems that utilize the properties of electromagnetic radiation.
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering comprises the design, analysis and
usage of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical
systems.
Vehicle engineering The design, manufacture and operation of the
systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles
Automotive engineering, the
design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks
Aerospace engineering, the
design of aircraft, spacecraft and other air vehicles
Naval architecture, the
design, construction, operation and support of marine vehicles and structures
Manufacturing engineering
Thermal engineering Concerns heating or cooling of
processes, equipment, or enclosed environments
Acoustical engineering Concerns the manipulation and control
of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted
sounds
Interdisciplinary and specialized fields
Industrial engineering The design and analysis of logistical and resource systems. Manufacturing
engineering, the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing, to
research and develop the tool, processes, machines and equipment, and to
integrate the facilities and systems for producing quality products with
optimal expenditure.
Component engineering, the
process of assuring the availability of suitable components required to
manufacture a product.
Systems engineering, focuses
on issues such as logistics, the coordination of different teams, automatic
control of machinery for complex engineering projects
Construction engineering,
the planning and management of construction projects
Textile Engineering, The
design and analysis of logistical and resource systems, product design, and
development.
Safety engineering, assuring
that a life-critical system behaves as needed even when pieces fail
Reliability engineering,
optimising asset maintenance to minimise whole of life cost
Computer-aided Drawing & Design (CADD)
Construction
Electronics
General
Graphics
Manufacturing
Nanotechnology
Biological engineering The application of engineering
principles to the fields of biology and medicine.
Biomedical engineering, the
application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical and
biological sciences
Genetic engineering, the
design and development of techniques to directly manipulate an organism's genes
Biochemical engineering, the
design and construction of unit processes that involve biological organisms or
molecules
Tissue engineering
Protein engineering, the
development of useful or valuable proteins
Mechatronics A hybrid of mechanical and
electrical engineering, Commonly intended to examine the design of automation
systems.
Robotics
Instrumentation engineering
Avionics, the design of
electronics and systems on board an aircraft or spacecraft
Nuclear engineering The application of nuclear processes to
engineering
Agricultural engineering The application of engineering principles
to agricultural fields such as farm power and machinery, biological material
process, bioenergy, farm structures, and agricultural natural resources
Bioprocess engineering, the
design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of
products from biological materials
Food engineering, concerns
food processing, food machinery, packaging, ingredient manufacturing,
instrumentation, and control.
Aquaculture engineering, the
study of cultured aquatic species and the production systems used in their
culture.
Nanoengineering The practice of engineering on the
nanoscale
Petroleum engineering The application of engineering
principles to drilling for and producing crude oil and natural gas Reservoir engineering, the application
of scientific principles to study the flow of fluids in underground reservoirs
so as to obtain a high economic recovery.
Drilling engineering, the
design and application of equipment and techniques to drill wells.
Production engineering, the
design and application of equipment and techniques to bring well fluids to the
surface and then separate out the various components.
Energy engineering Energy engineering is a broad field of engineering
dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant
engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies.
Domain of Energy Engineering expertise combines selective subjects from the
fields Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. It is an
interdisciplinary program which has relativity with electrical, mechanical and
chemical engineering
Solar engineering, Solar
Energy Engineering includes designing and building services based on solar
energy, solar energy product development, solar PV systems, Solar Product
Manufacturing and Solar Systems Integration.
Wind engineering, Wind
engineering analyzes effects of wind in the natural and the built environment
and studies the possible damage, inconvenience or benefits which may result
from wind. In the field of structural engineering it includes strong winds,
which may cause discomfort, as well as extreme winds, such as in a tornado,
hurricane or heavy storm, which may cause widespread destruction
Building services engineering Building services engineering, technical
building services, architectural engineering, or building engineering is the
engineering of the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
It essentially brings buildings and structures to life. Mechanical engineering,
HVAC: Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
Refrigeration
Plumbing or public health (MEP) engineering: Water services, drainage and plumbing
Electrical engineering,
Artificial lighting and emergency lighting,
ICT: Communication lines, telephones and IT networks
Low voltage (LV) systems, containment, distribution, distribution boards
and switchgear
Lightning protection
Security, CCTV, and alarm systems
Vertical transportation: Escalators and lifts
Fire engineering, including fire detection and fire protection
Natural lighting design
Building facades engineering
Energy supply - gas, electricity and renewable sources
